High Effort Methods

The Cause-Consequence Diagram is developed from a certain initiating top event, i.e. an event that initiates a specific operational sequence or an event which activates certain safety systems. The Cause-Consequence Diagram consists of two reliability analysis methods previously elaborated, the FTA and ETA methods.

The SWOT analysis is an instrument of strategic corporate management with which strengths and weaknesses of the company or its supply chain, as well as the opportunities and threats in the environment, can be uncovered. The resulting findings can be used to identify risks by comparing the requirements of the market with the potential of the company or supply chain. Finally, identified weaknesses are to be regarded as risks, whereby these can be both strategic and operational in nature.

Originally, the scenario technique came from the military field, but today it is also frequently used for economic and social issues. Basically, the scenario technique combines quantitative and qualitative forecasting elements. Thus, no pure linear projection is made on the basis of historical data. The aim of the procedure is to prepare companies for future developments in order to improve their ability to act. The complexity is reduced by the calculation and exclusion of inconsistent future developments. The scenario technique provides consistent future projections based on the information collected during the process.

The Bow-Tie method can be considered to be a combination of earlier developed fault tree analysis (FTA) and event tree analysis (ETA) methods. A significant milestone in the history of Bow-Tie was the catastrophic incident on the Piper Alpha platform in 1988, which shook the oil and gas industry. In the early 1990s, the Royal Dutch Shell adopted the BowTie method as part of its methodological toolbox for managing risks. Nowadays, the Bow-Tie method is also used for risk management related to different transport modes such as maritime and aviation.